Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in many countries. Taking into account the multifactorial etiology of CVD, the close association of risk factors (FR) with each other and the mutually reinforcing effect, their impact on health began to be considered not individually, but in total. The main task of preventive measures is to identify FR, assess the degree of total cardiovascular risk and reduce it in people with increased risk (by modifying all available FR), as well as recovery in order to maintain low risk in people with a low probability of developing the disease.
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In recent decades, the problem of the relationship between oral health and cardiovascular diseases has been considered very relevant. The influence of foci of chronic oral infection on the development of common diseases is recognized as significant in all countries of the world (WHO, 2003). Thus, according to the World Health Organization, based on dental examination of the population, periodontal diseases occur in 68-98%. The incidence of periodontitis reaches 98.5% by the age of 40. The number of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases is also high all over the world. In developed countries, cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death. According to WHO, 14 million people die from CVD every year. According to the Cardiological Society, the mortality rate from ischemic heart disease in people aged 35 to 64 years in our country turned out to be the highest in Europe and amounted to more than 350 for men, and more than 100 per 100,000 people per year for the general population. Periodontal diseases are an important medical and social problem, characterized by constant growth and widespread prevalence in people not only the elderly, but also young people. An important feature of the functioning of organs and tissues of the oral cavity is the fact that all ongoing processes are carried out in the constant presence of various associations of microorganisms that are either the cause or participants in pathological processes in the body [1.3.5.7.9.11.13].
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Spinal anesthesia in children has many potential benefits. However, performing spinal anesthesia in children, especially infants, has certain technical difficulties. For more than a century, the technique of performing spinal anesthesia has been based on landmarks and has not changed for many years. Advances in ultrasound technology may provide an opportunity to improve spinal procedures in infants. But the traditional approach in some cases may not be reliable because these surface landmarks may be absent, unclear, or distorted in the presence of obesity, previous spinal surgery, deformities, or degenerative changes. Manual palpation may be inaccurate, and placement of the needle at or above the level of the conus medullaris can lead to complications, including neurological injury. Although rare, spinal cord injury resulting from direct needle trauma or intramedullary injection of local anesthetic can be potentially fatal. Ultrasonography makes it possible to more accurately select the appropriate intervertebral space for spinal anesthesia, reduce the technical complexity of neuraxial blockade, and minimize the number of attempts at lumbar puncture. Multiple attempts at needle insertion may increase the risk of complications such as post-puncture headache and back pain
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Predicting adverse outcomes in people who have suffered a myocardial infarction remains a serious and unresolved problem, which pushes researchers to search for new technologies. One of the relatively promising new noninvasive methods for predicting sudden coronary death in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular arrhythmias may be a noninvasive assessment of myocardial electrical instability. Taking into account its important prognostic role, primarily in patients with ventricular arrhythmia who have suffered a myocardial infarction and have a multivessel character of coronary lesion, the purpose of this work was to study the characteristics of QT interval variance and heart rate variability in this category of patients.
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During lactation, the processes of maturation of many functions of the newborn’s body intensively occur. During this period, it is especially important to identify the role of hormonal factors in the milk of a lactating mother in the development of sucklings. Currently, it has been proven that breast milk is the ideal food for a newborn. With mother’s milk, it receives proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins, immunoglobulins, physiologically important compounds, including growth factors, hormones, enzymes, and other components that are needed for growth and development. Breast milk cannot be replaced by any modern artificial milk formulas. Although additives that bring their chemical composition closer to milk are used during production, milk formulas cannot perform the subtle regulatory functions that are performed by breast milk components [1–4]. The introduction of thyroid hormones or their deficiency in the body changes the content of many enzymes in both positive and negative directions [1, 2, 3]. We present data indicating the influence of the state of the thyroid gland of a lactating mother on indicators of enzymatic activity in the liver, as well as some development parameters in suckling rat pups. Hormones, enzymes, growth factors, and other components of breast milk ensure the proper development and formation of the child’s body. Antibodies and immune complexes protect the baby from pathogens. Moreover, breastfeeding, if carried out over a long period of time, decreases the risk of allergies [5–8]. This review summarizes and systemizes data from literature on lactation and milk components, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins, enzymes, protective factors, and hormones. Human and cow milk composition is compared, as the latter is the main substrate for artificial milk formulas and supplemental feeding. The unique composition of human milk that ensures the proper development of the child is demonstrated.
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In the given article the authors analyze various degrees of physiological anastomositis in 131 patients, and conclude that for the treatment of late anastomositis after surgical interventions on the stomach and duodenum, it is recommended to include laser exposure of the anastomosis zone with two types of low-energy lasers in a comprehensive program. The authors argue that the integrated use of low-energy laser exposure through endoscopic and percutaneous irradiation will improve the effectiveness of treatment of late anastomositis
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In the given article the authors analyze that an improved method of surgical access to the thyroid jelly and a postoperative rehabilitation program can reduce the incidence of long-term complications. The authors conclude that the use of an improved method of surgical treatment of thyroid jelly and a post-volitional rehabilitation program made it possible to reduce the incidence of long-term complications, which in the village ensured a clearing of the proportion of good and satisfactory results from 84.7% to 97.3% with a decrease in the likelihood of an unsatisfactory outcome with 15.3% - 2.7%.
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The diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are located on one of the leading places in the structure of the morbidity among schoolchildren. The increasing prevalence of the digestive system diseases including ulcer disease has been observed among the young population at present time. For the schoolchildren and teenagers, the decrease in parameters of vital activity and social functioning is very important5, among which the leading place is occupied by the difficulties associated with learning process, physical exercises and sports, usual daily activity6. In the majority of patients referred to the pediatrician the debut of chronic diseases the gastrointestinal tract occurs at the young age. The special place in the identification of the functional disorders in the latently developing chronic diseases of the digestive system is allocated to physical examinations8, questionnaire usage during medical surveys. However today there is established poor quality of the medical surveys in the schools. Thus, there is observed delayed underestimation of the pathology of gastrointestinal tract in the schoolchildren
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Specimens of the species Corbicula fluminalis belonging to the genus Corbicula distributed in the water bodies of South Uzbekistan were studied morphologically and molecularly genetically. According to the morphological structure, the species Corbicula flunalis was found to be morphologically different from the species Corbicula cor and Corbicula purpurea. According to the results of molecular analysis, nucleotides with 660 base pairs belonging to the COI region of mtDNA were isolated from samples of Corbicula fluminalis species, and they were compared with Corbicula fluminea (KX192335) species in the International Genbank (NCBI) database. As a result, almost no differences were detected between their nucleotides
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The article presents the results of clinical and neurological studies of children with primary and secondary encephalitis, characterized by polymorphism of neurological symptoms. Analysis of clinical and neurological parameters of children with primary and secondary encephalitis showed more severe and persistent organic disorders in primary encephalitis.
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