Liver diseases, the symptoms of which are expressed in constant nausea, heartburn, an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, and a yellowish skin color have become more and more frequently diagnosed in the last decade. Many people know about liver diseases today. The main, most common are cirrhosis, hepatitis, and cholecystitis. Liver treatment will depend on the disease, its stage, and the individual characteristics of the course.
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Ammonia is a key metabolite derived from amino acid metabolism and breakdown of nitrogenous substances in the gut,1,2 and present hypotheses suggest that it is of central importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Current therapeutic strategies are directed towards reducing circulating concentrations of ammonia. The two main pathways of ammonia detoxification are synthesis of urea and glutamine. In the physiological state, the liver is central in urea synthesis and this forms the basis of ammonia removal.3 The other organs capable of metabolising ammonia are the brain and skeletal muscle through synthesis of glutamine. In the presence of liver disease however, loss of functional liver mass and portocaval shunting may contribute to increased ammonia levels in plasma, thus predisposing to hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhotic patients, skeletal muscles play an important role in the detoxification of ammonia to glutamine.4 Glutamine synthesis is however only a temporary method of ammonia detoxification. To remove ammonia from the body in a situation when urea synthesis is compromised (as happens in liver disease) requires transport of glutamine to the kidney, where it is metabolised to release ammonia, which is then excreted in urine.
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The method is based on the detection of even small concentrations of the desired diagnostic element. To determine the initially extremely small concentrations of RNA or DNA that need to be determined during the main stage of the study, a method is used to artificially increase the amount of RNA or DNA.
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Creatine phosphate is a reserve of explosive energy. Creatine is a substance of skeletal muscles, myocardium, and nervous tissue. In the form of creatine phosphate, creatine is a “depot” of macroergic bonds and is used for rapid resynthesis of ATP during cell work. Creatine phosphate was first isolated from muscle tissue in 1927 [1]. However, the study of its role and influence on various processes in the human body continues to this day. This is explained by the fact that creatine phosphate is an energy substrate for the rapid synthesis of ATP under anaerobic conditions. That is, the formation of ATP does not require oxygen and the participation of mitochondria. In turn, ATP is a universal source of energy in the human body.
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Iron is a vital trace element. Iron is part of the hemoglobin of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Iron is necessary for every cell of the body, as it contributes to the process of its respiration. Iron is part of enzymes, ensuring their normal functioning and metabolic reactions. Adult men and women require only 8 mg/day. Women of childbearing age require a dose of 18 mg/day; during pregnancy, the need increases to 27 mg/day.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of respondents rated the psychological impact as moderately severe, and about one third reported moderate to severe anxiety. In this regard, in addition to physiotherapeutic measures and exercise therapy, the complex of rehabilitation measures necessarily includes educational programs for training patients with the aim of their psychosocial adaptation.
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This study addresses the issue of the spread of synthetic cathinones, specifically Alpha-PVP, and their impact on public health. The paper thoroughly describes the chemical composition, metabolism, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of synthetic cathinones. Issues of regulation and control over the distribution of these substances are discussed, as well as the role of the internet in their sale. The authors emphasize the need for further research to develop effective methods for prevention and treatment of dependencies caused by these dangerous substances.
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The given article describes the quality of anesthesia through the combined use of small doses of the opioid fentanyl during orthopedic operations in children. The study was conducted in 52 patients hospitalized for pectus excavatum, congenital or pathological hip dislocation. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 group, which received anesthesia using fentanyl, propofol and sevoflurane; Group 2 anesthesia method with fentanyl and propofol. We studied heart rate (HR), mean dynamic pressure (MDP), levels of cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4).
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At present time more and more attention is paid to the phenomenon of concomitant pathologies in drug allergies. In the given article 30 cases of drug allergies in patients of the allergology department of Tashkent City Clinical Hospital N. are analyzed 5 in order to study the influence of concomitant diseases on the course of drug hypersensitivity. Patients with drug allergies included in the study were divided into 3 groups: with comorbid atopic diseases, with concomitant somatic diseases and without concomitant pathology. Among the etiological factors of drug allergies, β-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs predominated. The results obtained indicate an expansion of the spectrum of drug sensitization and an increase in the severity of drug allergies in the presence of concomitant chronic diseases. Atopy did not significantly affect the course of drug allergies.
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This article describes the geographical location, nature, climate and animal world of Ukhumsoy. In addition, the drawing styles and processing techniques of Ukhumsoy's new rock paintings were also discussed. The degrees of sunburn of this new rock painting monument due to various natural phenomena, i.e. snow, rain and sun exposure have also been determined. The most important thing is that these petroglyphs are typified, and we can see that there are rock paintings belonging to the Bronze Age, the Early Iron (Sak-Scythian) Age, as well as the early and middle ages.
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SCIENCE & INNOVATION