Febrile seizures are an age–dependent and prognostically favorable condition that is observed in children under 6 years of age. Febrile seizures are classified as a group of conditions that do not require a mandatory diagnosis of epilepsy, and most children remain healthy. The genetic, social, exo- and endogenous factors of febrile seizures have been very well studied. Nevertheless, until now, many aspects of preventive measures for recurrent febrile seizures and their transformation into epilepsy remain controversial
27.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
In contrast to the pathogenetic mechanisms of damage to the PNS in acute COVID-19, virus-induced neuroinflammatory, prothrombotic, hypoxic, metabolic and apoptotic cascades play a significant role in the development of the "post-COVID syndrome". A number of studies have shown that abnormal humoral and cellular immune responses, systemic markers of inflammation such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), autoantibodies targeting cellular receptors may be involved in the systemic and neurological effects of COVID-19. Cranial neuropathy in the covid and post-covid periods can be isolated or occur within the framework of multiple mononeuropathy. Most often, the olfactory (I), trigeminal (V), facial (VII), pharyngeal (IX), optic (II) and vagus (X) nerves are involved
25.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
Thyroid nodules have received attention due to changes in population surveillance systems and growing concerns about the associated financial burden on health care systems, payers, and patients. In this review, we found that prevalence rates vary widely depending on detection method and may be particularly pronounced in asymptomatic patients undergoing routine screening. Incidence rates may particularly increase in low- and middle-income countries and may decrease in higher-income countries. Over the past few decades, the evaluation and treatment of thyroid nodules has become more complex with the advent of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, specialized biomarkers, and molecular testing. However, gaps remain in risk stratification, which can lead to significant treatment costs. Some molecular tests, such as the Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier, can result in diagnostic costs of US$17,873 while achieving only a modest reduction in the number of diagnostic lobectomies performed on patients (from 11.6% to 9.7% in one research). The out-of-pocket costs associated with treating thyroid nodules continue to result in significant financial toxicity for patients, especially for people with thyroid cancer. Additional cost-effectiveness analysis is needed to improve current treatment systems for thyroid nodules, and new clinical tools are needed to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment
24.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
Objective: to analyze the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients in ICU. To identify effective antibiotics against isolated strains. Material and methods. We analyzed the isolated strains and analyzed the results of determining the sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp. to antibacterial drugs. The pathogens were isolated from ICU patients in 2008-2019. Clinical material for microbiologic examination included wound secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage, abdominal cavity exudate, abscess contents, bile, urine, and blood. Microbiological studies were carried out in the laboratories of microbiological of the State Institution “RSSPMC for surgery named after V.Vakhidov" Results. Due to the introduction of recommended protocols for antibacterial prophylaxis and treatment, methods of monitoring the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, the introduction of forecasting methods (identification of risk groups and more targeted antibiotic prophylaxis of nosocomial infections), effective criteria for ventilator modes, approaches to pathogenetic therapy, nutritional support, etc. since 2012, there is a decrease in the frequency of purulent-septic complications, so that in 2012-2019 in the cardiac block, it was from 1.5-1.3 to 0.3-0.1%, in the abdominal block - from 1.0-1.9 to 0.5-0.2%, in the thoracic block - from 0.7-0.5 to 0.03-0.02%. Conclusion. The increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp. causes the necessity to study antibiotic grams of all strains isolated from patients for adequate choice of means of effective antibiotic therapy. The obtained data were used to optimize empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with purulent-septic complications in ICU.
24.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
This article discusses the results of the study, which help to find out of specificities of non-suicidal self-harming behavior among adolescents of pre-conscription age. The found results help us to determine at early stages the suitability for military duty of adolescents of pre-conscription age taking into account premorbid features of personality
23.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
The article provides an overview of the interconnections between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the oral cavity, emphasizing the priority of the GIT. Special attention is given to the complex pathophysiological relationships within the structural and functional elements of the digestive system. The authors discuss the relevance of studying combined pathologies, highlighting the role of the oral cavity in processes of damage and compensation in various GIT disorders. Analysis of recent scientific research underscores the significance of the oral cavity in pathological processes at different levels of the organism. Such a review may contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and treatment of GIT disorders and serve as a basis for developing effective diagnostic and preventive strategies.
23.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
Studies consistently developing this area have shown that the characteristic developmental disorders of all mental functions in childhood autism (pervasive developmental disorders) are associated with primary deficiency of the affective sphere [4]. The study of the patterns of mental development is one of the priority areas of research in recent years. This is especially important for children with autistic disorders. The most characteristic variants of autistic disontogenesis are described, reflecting the difficulties of forming the basic mechanisms of affective organization of behavior and consciousness [1,3].
23.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
From the multitude of effects on the lymphatic system, it is reasonable to distinguish two main effects: endolymphatic administration of drugs (primarily lymphotropic and intranodular) and stimulation of lymphatic drainage of organs and tissues (lymphostimulation). Different versions of these effects are used at all levels of medical care - from home to a specialized hospital. When used independently or in combination with other effects, the entire spectrum of therapeutic effects is achieved. Let's list the most important ones
23.02.2024 Volume 3 Issue 2 View more Download
SCIENCE & INNOVATION