Gastroenterological pathology, including chronic diseases of the upper digestive tract in children, represents a serious medical and social problem due to its significant prevalence, course characteristics and high risk of early disability. Numerous studies examining the prevalence of chronic digestive diseases in various regions of the world indicate their high level. In Uzbekistan, there are a few studies reflecting the results of epidemiological studies among children with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract [1,2]. In the last decade, there has been no trend towards a decrease in the prevalence of pathology of the upper digestive tract in children; on the contrary, there has been a steady increase. According to various authors, its frequency has increased 2–2.5 times in recent years, which is associated both with a true increase in the number of patients with inflammatory lesions of the upper digestive tract, and with the use of new diagnostic techniques[3].Features of the course of chronic gastroduodenitis in childhood are associated with the presence of critical periods affecting the formation of the gastrointestinal tract due to uneven growth and systemic organ disintegration against the background of intense morpho functional changes, immaturity of enzyme systems, tension in metabolic processes and restructuring of the neuroendocrine system of the body [4,5].
06.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
According to WHO, every year about 30 million babies are born premature, low birth weight or sick and require specialized care to survive. Perinatal damage to the central nervous system unites a large group of brain lesions of different causes and origins that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and in the first days of a child’s life. Severe forms of perinatal CNS lesions are observed in 1.5–10% of full-term and 60–70% of premature infants. Purpose of the study: to identify a predisposition to pathology of the central nervous system and internal organs in low-birth-weight newborns by conducting immunochemical screening. Methods. 64 newborns were examined, born at a gestational age of 32-37 weeks with low body weight - 1500.0-2499.0 g. Newborns were divided into 2 groups: those born with a body weight of 1500.0-1999.0 g at a gestational age of 32-34 weeks and those born at a gestational age of 35-37 weeks with a body weight of 2000.0-2499.0 g. The comparison group consisted of healthy full-term newborns weighing more than 2500.0 g. All children underwent a standard clinical examination, the levels of 12 types of IgG autoantibodies to 12 types of antigenic components of brain cells and receptors were assessed, and the immunoreactivity index was calculated. Results: deviations from the conventional norm were present in almost all 12 positions of neurospecific autoantibodies. In newborns with low body weight, the level of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein, NF -200, S 100, GFAP was significantly increased, and the levels were statistically significantly higher in children 1- group, which indicates structural changes in the central nervous system, disruption of myelination processes, formation of astroglia, neutrotrophic functions, more pronounced in newborns with a gestation period of 32-34 weeks. Objective signs of cerebral ischemia of the 1st and 2nd degrees with the same frequency (61 .5% and 63.2%) were observed in newborns weighing 1500.0-1999.0 and 2000.0-2499.0 g. In newborns with low body weight (1500.0-2499.0 g), regardless of gestational age after 32 weeks, there was an increase in the level of autoantibodies to the receptor structures of the brain responsible for cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral reactions, as well as those involved in the implementation autism.
06.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Multiple organ failure is a leading cause of admission to the intensive care units, characterized by a high case fatality rate and significant financial costs. Here we review the mechanisms of multiple organ failure in pediatric patients (triggers, concomitant diseases, release of danger- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial translocation, epithelial, endothelial, or mitochondrial dysfunction, and inadequate immune response) and recent diagnostic and prognostic scales.
06.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Acute bronchiolitis most often occurs in children 1 year of life, which require in some cases inpatient treatment; in the world, acute bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in children under 2 years of age. In recent years, extremely important data have been obtained in studying the role of vitamin D in the prevention and course of a number of widespread diseases of modern humans. According to numerous studies, it has been established that vitamin D deficiency leads not only to disruption of mineral and bone metabolism, but is also involved in the regulation of the immune response, as it has an optimizing effect on the functioning of nonspecific defense mechanisms and adaptive immunity, modulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, etc.
06.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Micro and macroelements contained in camel thorn are important for the growth, development and reproduction of livestock. Accordingly, the bag was selected as an object of examination, and optical emission spectrometry (ISP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was conducted in order to determine the amount of micro- and macroelements in its content. As a result of the analysis, relevant conclusions were drawn
02.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
SCIENCE & INNOVATION