SCIENCE & INNOVATION

ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF NEUROSPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODIES IN BLOOD SERUM IN CHILDREN BORN WITH LOW BODY WEIGHT

06.12.2023 International Scientific Journal "Science and Innovation". Series D. Volume 2 Issue 12

Akramova Kh.A, Akhmedova D, Djalilov A.A

Abstract. According to WHO, every year about 30 million babies are born premature, low birth weight or sick and require specialized care to survive. Perinatal damage to the central nervous system unites a large group of brain lesions of different causes and origins that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and in the first days of a child’s life. Severe forms of perinatal CNS lesions are observed in 1.5–10% of full-term and 60–70% of premature infants. Purpose of the study: to identify a predisposition to pathology of the central nervous system and internal organs in low-birth-weight newborns by conducting immunochemical screening. Methods. 64 newborns were examined, born at a gestational age of 32-37 weeks with low body weight - 1500.0-2499.0 g. Newborns were divided into 2 groups: those born with a body weight of 1500.0-1999.0 g at a gestational age of 32-34 weeks and those born at a gestational age of 35-37 weeks with a body weight of 2000.0-2499.0 g. The comparison group consisted of healthy full-term newborns weighing more than 2500.0 g. All children underwent a standard clinical examination, the levels of 12 types of IgG autoantibodies to 12 types of antigenic components of brain cells and receptors were assessed, and the immunoreactivity index was calculated. Results: deviations from the conventional norm were present in almost all 12 positions of neurospecific autoantibodies. In newborns with low body weight, the level of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein, NF -200, S 100, GFAP was significantly increased, and the levels were statistically significantly higher in children 1- group, which indicates structural changes in the central nervous system, disruption of myelination processes, formation of astroglia, neutrotrophic functions, more pronounced in newborns with a gestation period of 32-34 weeks. Objective signs of cerebral ischemia of the 1st and 2nd degrees with the same frequency (61 .5% and 63.2%) were observed in newborns weighing 1500.0-1999.0 and 2000.0-2499.0 g. In newborns with low body weight (1500.0-2499.0 g), regardless of gestational age after 32 weeks, there was an increase in the level of autoantibodies to the receptor structures of the brain responsible for cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral reactions, as well as those involved in the implementation autism.

Keywords: low body weight, children, gestational age, autoantibodies, neurological status, assessment, receptors, prognosis.