18.06.2024 International Scientific Journal "Science and Innovation". Series C. Volume 3 Issue 6
Abstract. The article presents information on the amount of physical clay and physical sand particles that make up the elements of the mechanical composition of irrigated meadow-alluvial and takyr-like meadow soils of Chimboy and Shumanay districts. The following results were obtained as a result of the study of the mechanical composition of meadow-alluvial and takyr-like meadow soils distributed on the right and left banks of the Lower Amudarya. These soils are rich in large dust fractions, and small amounts of large sand and medium sand fractions were recorded. According to the mechanical composition, it was observed that light sandy and heavy sandy soils predominate, and sand, medium sandy and light clay areas were also noted. Among the studied soils, we can say that Ch-B, sample 4, which has been irrigated for a long time, has medium loamy upper layers, and light sandy loamy lower layers, is the best in terms of fertility and chemical properties. In general, it is characterized by the characteristic features and their complexity, as well as dramatic changes in the mechanical composition of the soil profile. In some cases, it is noted that sandy layers alternate with sandy layers, and sometimes sandy layers alternate with silty layers. The sharp fluctuations of the mechanical fractions in this form are explained in connection with the sharp and contradictory changes in the lithology of the alluvial deposits. The mechanical composition of the soil is considered its important property, and according to it, soils are divided into different categories. Determining the mechanical composition of soil layers and studying its genesis (origin) is of great importance, since its mechanical composition depends not only on the composition of the parent rock, but also on the soil formation processes occurring in the soil.
Keywords: meadow-alluvial and takyr-like meadow soils, mechanical structure, mechanical elements, light, medium and heavy loams, physical clay and silt particles
SCIENCE & INNOVATION