MECHANISM OF URINE FORMATION

Sultanova Sh.B.; Nurullaeva M.A.; Ziyamutdinova Z.K.

doi:10.5281/zenodo.11138358

Sultanova Sh.B., Nurullaeva M.A., Ziyamutdinova Z.K.

Abstract. The main mechanism of homeostatic renal function is the formation and excretion of urine. When urine is formed, the kidneys perform significant work against osmotic forces, since the concentration of osmotically active substances in human urine usually exceeds the concentration of these substances in the blood plasma. Thus, the urea content in human blood plasma does not exceed 0.04%, while urine contains more than 2% urea; in the blood the amount of sodium chloride is about 0.6%, in the urine - over 1%.

Keywords: homeostatically, kidney, urine, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, glycosaminoglycans, ammonigenesis, ultrafiltrate

References:

1. Uetani N, Bouchard M. Plumbing in the embryo: developmental defects of the urinary tracts. Clin Genet. 2009 Apr;75(4):307-17. [PubMed] 2. Costantini F, Kopan R. Patterning a complex organ: branching morphogenesis and nephron segmentation in kidney development. Dev Cell. 2010 May 18;18(5):698-712. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 3. Kreidberg JA. Podocyte differentiation and glomerulogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Mar;14(3):806-14. [PubMed] 4. Bhaskar A, Oommen V. A simple model for demonstrating the factors affecting glomerular filtration rate. Adv Physiol Educ. 2018 Jun 01;42(2):380-382. [PubMed] 5. Komlosi P, Bell PD, Zhang ZR. Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms in nephron segments beyond the macula densa. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2009 Jan;18(1):57-62. [PubMed]