15.04.2024 International Scientific Journal "Science and Innovation". Series D. Volume 3 Issue 4
Abstract. Using earthworms, vermicomposting (VC) is an environmentally friendly biotechnological technique that converts organic waste (OW) into vermicompost, a valuable, nutrient-rich fertilizer. Abiotic factors such as feed material, acidity, temperature, and moisture affect the process. Earthworms, and microbial communities work together to break down organic matter (OM). Consequently, a top-notch fertilizer is produced, which offers substantial benefits to soil health and the development of plants. Worm castings are a nutrient-rich fertilizer containing essential elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). They also contain beneficial microorganisms in the soil and growth regulators that promote plant growth and development. The use of various worm species in composting allows for the treatment of different biological wastes, resulting in both environmental and economic benefits. Microbial enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, and polyphenol oxidases play a crucial role in breaking down organic material during composting, leading to improved efficiency and nutrient richness. Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, are responsible for organic material decomposition and nutrient cycling. Furthermore, the combined effects of various enzymes and microbial species enhance the composting process, resulting in better soil quality and increased nutrient availability. It is essential to comprehend the functions of microbial enzymes and important microbial species in process to optimize this disposal of waste method and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture and waste treatment.
Keywords: vermicompost, earthworm, enzyme, microbial communities, organic matter
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