Abstract. Cough is one of the most common manifestations of childhood diseases. It is the cough that becomes the main reason for seeking medical help. The article touches upon the modern view of the problem of cough in pediatric practice and the ways of treatment. The epithelium of the respiratory tract, which is a complex multicellular layer extending from the nasopharynx to the small airways, and functions as an immune respiratory barrier at an early age: it develops, matures and regenerates to adapt to changes in the environment. Cough is a protective reaction of the immune system to ingestion of various allergens and pathogens. It is not always a sign of any disease, especially in early childhood. In order to understand whether cough treatment is required in newborns and infants or whether it is simply necessary to adjust the lifestyle, you need to understand the probable causes of the condition