References:
1. International Labour Organization. Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage. Geneva: 2017.
2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. UNODC on trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants. New York: United Nations; 2018.
3. Hopper EK, Hidalgo J. Invisible chains: psychological coercion of human trafficking victims. Intercult Hum Rights Law Rev. 2006;1:185–209.
4. Hossain M, Zimmerman C, Abas M, Light M, Watts C. The relationship of trauma to mental disorders among trafficked and sexually exploited girls and women. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2442-2449. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.173229
5. Ottisova L, Hemmings S, Howard LM, Zimmerman C, Oram S. Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2016;25(4):317-341. doi:10.1017/S2045796016000135
6. Oram S, Khondoker M, Abas M, Broadbent M, Howard LM. Characteristics of trafficked adults and children with severe mental illness: a historical cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(12):1084-1091. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00290-4
7. Shenberger JM, Smith BA, Zoukis CT. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Human Trafficking Victims: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Human Trafficking. 2021 Feb 15:1-6. doi: 10.1080/23322705.2021.1882088.
8. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
9. Muftic LR, Finn MA. Health outcomes among women trafficked for sex in the United States: a closer look. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2013;28(9):1859–1885. doi:10.1177/0886260512469102
10. Armour C, Elklit A, Christoffersen MN. A Latent Class Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment: Identifying Abuse Typologies. Journal of Loss and Trauma. 2014;19(1):23-39. doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.734205
11. Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H., de Girolamo, G., Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J. M., Katz, S. J., Kessler, R. C., Kovess, V., Lépine, J. P., Ormel, J., Polidori, G., Russo, L. J., Vilagut, G., ... Vollebergh, W. A. (2004). Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, (420), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00327.x
12. Hossain, M., Zimmerman, C., Kiss, L., Kone, D., Bakayoko-Topolska, M., Manan Dodia, K., Lehmann, H., & Watts, C. (2014). Men's and women's experiences of violence and traumatic events in rural Côte d'Ivoire before, during and after a period of armed conflict. BMJ open, 4(2), e003644. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003644
13. Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., Yun, K., Roche, B., Morison, L., & Watts, C. (2006). Stolen Smiles: a summary report on the physical and psychological health consequences of women and adolescents trafficked in Europe. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
14. Zimmerman, C. & Watts, C. (2004). Risks and responsibilities: guidelines for interviewing trafficked women. The Lancet, 363(9408), 565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15547-1
15. Miller, J. E., Levy, M. C., Kloer, A., & Greifinger, R. B. (2020). In Their Own Words: A Qualitative Exploration of Health Problems, Healthcare, and Compensation Needs of Survivors of Human Trafficking. Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1738582