Abstract. Primary microcephaly ( PMCF) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a small brain size, primarily due to a decrease in the cerebral cortex, and varying degrees of mental retardation (Woods et al., 2005;Mahmood et al., 2011;Phan and Holland, 2021;Zaqout and Kaindl, 2021;Gupta, 2023) and several additional neurological problems such as seizures and epilepsy (Shen et al., 2005), with a prevalence of 1/30,000 to 1/250,000. Brain development depends on neurogenesis, the process by which neural stem cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to form neurons, and is fundamental to normal brain development (Stiles and Jernigan, 2010;Исаев и др., 2019 ; Zhou et al., 2020 ). The formation of neurons begins during embryogenesis and continues throughout life. In mammals, the size of the cerebral cortex is determined by the number of neurons it contains (Borrell and Calegari, 2014). In general, an adult consists of about 86 billion neurons (Herculano-Housel, 2012), and the brain size varies from 975 to 1499cm3. Studies have shown that a decrease in the number of neurons leads to primary microcephaly, which is diagnosed when the circumference of the occipital-frontal region is less than two standard deviations below the average value at birth and/or less than three standard deviations below the average after 1 year of life. (Дуринкс и др., 2020 ).
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