DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE ROOTS OF CYNARA SCOLYMUS L GROWING IN THE UZBEKSITON REGION

Kh.Kh. Dolimov; S.M.Xaydarov

doi:10.5281/zenodo.8364552

DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE ROOTS OF CYNARA SCOLYMUS L GROWING IN THE UZBEKSITON REGION

20.09.2023 International Scientific Journal "Science and Innovation". Series D. Volume 2 Issue 9

Kh.Kh. Dolimov, S.M.Xaydarov

Abstract. Today, the increasing need for antibiotics is the reason to search for new sources of antibiotics and conduct research on them. We think that endophytic fungi living in symbiosis with plants serve as a natural source of antibiotic substances. Methods and Results: Wash the healthy roots under tap water to remove adhering soil particles and epiphytes. After that the healthy roots sample is cut into small pieces of approximately 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm. Immerse the roots samples in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 min. Followed by 2 min in 70% ethanol. Wash the samples with distilled water for several times and keep them in a sterile blotting paper for dryness. The object of our research work is extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from the root of Cynara scolymus L, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Microorganisms used in research (bacterial and fungal strains) cell culture. Conditionally pathogenic microorganism strains stored in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Republic of Uzbekistan : Bacillus subtilis UzMT - 5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UzMT - 225, Staphylococcus aureus UzMT - 91, Escherichia coli UzMT – 221, Candida albicans UzMT – 247. To date, three endophytic fungi have been isolated and extracted from the roots of the plant Cynara scolymus L belonging to the Asteraceae family. The obtained extracts showed significant activity against harmful bacteria and fungal strains. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi will serve as the main natural source of antibiotics in the future. The obtained research results serve as an important source for future experimental processes.

Keywords: biological properties, Cynara scolymus L, Asteraceae, secondary metabolites, endophyte, fungus, antibiotic

References:

1. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activites of eight asteraceae and two rubiaceae plants from Columbian biodiversity : Jaim N, Diana M Narvaez, Oscar M.Mosquera. 2007. 2. Paula, J. C. N. V. F., David, J. M., David, J. P. Occurrence, biological activity and 13C NMR data of amides from Piper (Piperaceae). Quim. Nova, 2012, 35, p. 2288-2311 3. Yakovlev, S.A. Infectious diseases as a global problem of our time / S.A. Yakovlev // Territory of Science. - 2017. S. 98-113. 4. Al-Taweel, A.M., Perveen, S., El-Shafae, Fawzy, G.A., Malik, A., Afza., Iqbal, L., Latif, M. Bioactive phenolic amides from Celtis Africana. Molecules 2012, 17, 2675 – 2682. 5. Maslennikov P.V., Chupakhina G.N., Skrypnik L.N. The content of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants of the botanical garden // News of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological series. 2013. S. 47-62. 6. Atanasov, A. G., Waltenberger, B., Pferschy-Wenzig, E. M., Linder, T., Wawrosch, C., Uhrin, P., Temml., Wang, L., Scwaiger, S., Heiss, E.H., Rollinger, J.M., Schuster, D., Breuss, J. M., Bochkov, V., Mihovolovic, M. D., Kopp, B., Bauer, R., Dirsch, V. M., Stuppner, H. Discovery and resupply of pharcologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Biotechnology advances 2015, 1582 – 1614. 7. Ávila, H.P., De Fátima Albino Smânia, E., Monache, F.D, Júnior, A.S. Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, 9790 – 9794. 8. Balunas, M. J., Kinghorn, A. D., Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sci. 2005, 78, 431 – 441. 9. Brielman, H. L., Setzer, W. N., Kaufman, P. B., Kirakosyan, A., Cseke, L. J. Phytochemicals: The chemical components of plants, in Natural products from plants 2nd.Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton. 2006, 22 – 25. 10. Büchi, G., Crombie, L., Godin, P. J., Kaltenbronn, J. S., Siddalingaiah, K. S., Whiting, D. A. The absolute configuration of rotenone. J. Chem. Soc. 1961, 2843 – 2840. 11. Chin, Y. W., Mdee, L. K., Mbwambo, Z. H., Mi, Q., Chai, H. H., Cragg, G. M., Swanson, S.M., Kinghorn, A. D. Prenylated flavonoids from the root bark of Berchemia discolor, a Tanzanian medicinal plant. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 1649 – 1652. 12. Christenhusz, M. J. M., Byng, J. W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increases. Phytotaxa. 2016, 261, 201 – 217. 13. CLSI. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standart – Ninth Edition. CLSI document M07-A9. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute; 2012. 14. Anbukumaran A, Ambikapathy V, Panneerselvam A (2016) Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from Crinum asiaticum Lin. Kodiyakarai, Tamilnadu. India Der Pharm Lett 8(9):269–275 15. Shijila Rani AS, Ambikapathy V, Panneerselvam A (2018) Diversity of endophytic fungi from leaves of Centella asiactica L. and Melia azedarch L. Int J Recent Sci Res 9(1): 23083–23086 16. Velmurugan P, Kamala-kannan S, Balachandar V, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chae J, Oh B (2010) Natural pigment extraction from five filamentous fungi for industrial applications and dyeing of leather. Carbohydr Polym 79(2):262–268 17. Schulz B, Boyle C, Draeger S, Rommert AK, Krohn K (2002) Endophytic fungi: a source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Mycol Res 106:996–1004 18. Strobel GA (2003) Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. Microbes Infect 5:535–544 19. Schulz B, Boyle C (2005) The endophytic con tinuum. Mycol Res 109:661–687 20. Chitnis VR, Suryanarayanan TS, Nataraja KN, Rajendra Prasad S, Oelmuller R, Shaanker RU (2020) Fungal-mediated crop improvement: the way ahead. Front Plant Sci 11:561007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.561007 21. Rho H, Hsieh M, Kandel SL, Cantillo J, Doty SL, Kim SH (2018) Do endophytes promote growth of host plants under stress? A meta-analysis on plant stress mitigation by endophytes. Microb Ecol 75:407–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1054-3 22. Afzala I, Zabta Khan S, Shomaila S, Shaheen S (2019) Plant beneficial endophytic bacteria: mechanisms, diversity, host range and genetic determinants. Microbiol Res 221:36–49 23. Gamboa MA, Laureano S, Bayman P (2002) Measuring diversity of endophytic fungi in leaf fragments: does size matter? Mycopathologia 156:41–45