08.05.2023 International Scientific Journal "Science and Innovation". Series D. Volume 2 Issue 5
Abstract. Abnormal distribution of fat, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and insulin resistance are key features of PCOS [34]. It remains a question whether lean women with PCOS have a similar pattern of metabolic disturbances and fat distribution as overweight and obese women with PCOS. This study aimed to investigate body composition, metabolic characteristics, and insulin resistance in lean women with PCOS.
Keywords: fat, visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, PCOS.
1. Ahima S, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2000;11:327–32. 2. Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Simonson DC, Lauritano AA, Tamborlane WV. Impaired insulin action in puberty. A contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:215–9 3. Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Avila S,Escobar-Morreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian - 4. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:453–62. 5. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89: 2745–9. 6. Barrea L., Muscogiuri G., Di Somma C., Tramontano G., De Luca V., Illario M., Colao A., Savastano S. Association between Mediterranean diet and hand grip strength in older adult women. Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr;38(2):721–729. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 Apr 3. PMID: 29643004 7. Bednarska S., Siejka A. The pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: what's new? Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 Mar-Apr;26(2):359–367. 8. Bonora E, Targher G, Alberiche M, Bonadonna RC, Saggiani F, Zenere MB, et al. Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: Studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:57–63. 9. Carmina E., Bucchieri S., Esposito A., Del Puente A., Mansueto P., Orio F., Di Fede G., Rini G. Abdominal fat quantity and distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and extent of its relation to insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2500–2505. 10. Crespo R.P., Bachega T.A.S.S., Mendonça B.B., Gomes L.G. An update of genetic basis of PCOS pathogenesis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jun;62(3):352–361. 11. Davis E.M., Peck J.D., Hansen K.R., Neas B.R., Craig L.B. Associations between vitamin D levels and polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Minerva Endocrinol. 2019 Jun;44(2):176–184. doi: 10.23736/S0391-1977.18.02824-9. Epub 2018 Apr 12. PMID: 29652114; PMCID: PMC6467740. 12. Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Role of obesity and adiposity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31(Suppl 2):S8–13. 13. Escobar-Morreale H.F. Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 May;14(5):270–284. 14. Escobar-Morreale H.F., San Millán J.L. Abdominal adiposity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metabol. 2007 Sep;18(7):266–272. 15. Faloia E, Canibus P, Gatti C, Frezza F, Santangelo M, Garrapa GG, et al. Body composition, fat distribution and metabolic characteristics in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27:424–9. 16. Fauser B, Tarlatzis B, Rebar R, Legro R, Balen A, Lobo R, et al. Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2012;27:14–24. 17. Franks S, Stark J, Hardy K. Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. HumReprod Update. 2008;14:367–78. 18. Frias-Toral E., Garcia-Velasquez E., de Los Angeles Carignano M., Rodriguez-Veintimilla D., Alvarado-Aguilera I., Bautista-Litardo N. Polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity: clinical aspects and nutritional management. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021 Apr 1 19. Ganie M.A., Vasudevan V., Wani I.A., Baba M.S., Arif T., Rashid A. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics & management of polycystic ovary syndrome in India. Indian J Med Res. 2019 Oct;150(4):333–344. 20. Garg MK, Tandon N, Marwaha RK, Singh Y. Evaluation of surrogate markers for insulin resistance for defining metabolic syndrome in urban Indian adolescents. Indian Pediatr. 2014;51:279–84. 21. GeffnerME,GoldeDW. Selective insulin action on skin, ovary, and heart in insulin-resistant states. Diabetes Care. 1988;11:500–5. 22. González F., Considine R.V., Abdelhadi O.A., Acton A.J. Inflammation triggered by saturated fat ingestion is linked to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):e2152–e2167. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa108. PMID: 32140727; PMCID: PMC7150616. 23. Good C, Tulchinsky M, Mauger D, Demers LM, Legro RS. Bone mineral density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:21–5. 24о 24. Goyal M., Dawood A.S. Debates regarding lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2017 Jul-Sep;10(3):154–161. 25. Gutch M, Kumar S, Razi SM, Gupta KK, Gupta A. Assessment of insulin sensitivity/resistance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19:160–4. 26. Tojieva I., Therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with normal body weight. Central asian endocrinological journal. 2023;2:2:181-190 27. Hirschberg AL, Naessén S, Stridsberg M, Byström B, Holtet J. Impaired cholecystokinin secretion and disturbed appetite regulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004;19:79–87. 28. Hsueh AJW, Kawamura K, Cheng Y, Fauser BCJM. Intraovarian control of early Folliculogenesis. Endocr Rev. 2015;36:1–24. 29. Ibáñez L, Oberfield SE, Witchel S, Auchus RJ, Chang RJ, Codner E, et al. An international consortium update: pathophysiology, diagnosis,and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017;88:371–95. 30. Kalra P, Bansal B, Nag P, Singh JK, Gupta RK, Kumar S, et al. Abdominal fat distribution and insulin resistance in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:1437–40. 31. Kirchengast S, Huber J. Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:1255–60.