The division into the studied subgroups is presented in Table 5.7. The duration of dynamic observation of patients in group 1 was 2 years. The first observation point was based on the data from the initial ophthalmological examination, as well as the results of assessing the level of endothelin-1 in the tear fluid of 15 patients in this group. A follow-up examination was carried out after 2 years, during which endothelin-1 levels in tear fluid were also re-examined in 15 patients in the group.
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Hypertension is a risk factor for many systemic pathological processes that cause serious morbidity and high mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. According to statistics, approximately 1.15 billion people worldwide suffer from this condition. Hypertension can affect the eyes in several ways, including the development of retinopathy, chorioretinopathy, and optic neuropathy. It is also a risk factor for other vision-threatening conditions, including retinal artery occlusions, retinal vein occlusions, retinal artery microaneurysms, and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Treatment of GR and chorioretinopathy is aimed at reducing systemic blood pressure and, if necessary, managing the underlying disease. The optometrist or ophthalmologist who discovers hypertensive chorioretinopathy in a patient with undiagnosed hypertension is in a position to reduce the patient's morbidity and mortality. There are no formal recommendations for routine screening for hypertensive retinopathy in asymptomatic patients diagnosed with systemic hypertension. However, if a patient without a diagnosis of hypertension presents with signs of mild hypertensive retinopathy, we recommend referral to a general practitioner within one week. For moderate HF, the patient should be assessed by a general practitioner within one or two days. Patients presenting with severe hypertensive retinopathy or hypertensive chorioretinopathy should have their blood pressure measured immediately and referred to the nearest emergency room for urgent blood pressure correction. There are no formal recommendations for screening women with pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, we recommend that pregnant women presenting with hypertensive retinopathy be referred to an obstetrician/gynecologist for evaluation of preeclampsia. Although optometrists and ophthalmologists do not routinely manage hypertension, close collaboration with general practitioners is necessary to ensure patients receive appropriate treatment.
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
When analyzing the qualitative indicators of OCT, in most cases focal changes were identified that corresponded to those previously detected during ophthalmoscopy. Hyperreflective foci in the outer layers of the retina according to OCT data most often corresponded to foci of deposition of hard exudates according to ophthalmoscopy, areas of thickening of the layer of nerve fibers corresponded to the localization of “cotton-wool” foci
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
In January 2023, ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology — European Society of Specialists in Human Reproduction and Embryology) issued updated recommendations on habitual miscarriage to replace the previous version of 2017.All changes and additions to the recommendations in the guidelines were formulated after evaluating the most qualitative and relevant evidence that appeared in the literature and their discussion by an expert group that took into account the benefit-harm ratio, patient preferences and the experience of clinicians
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
The results of the analysis of the most common ophthalmological subjective complaints of patients are presented in Graph 3.2. The majority of patients in main group 2 (61.4%) complained of a persistent decrease in visual acuity. This figure turned out to be twice as high as in main group 1. At the same time, patients in main group 1 with 1-2 tbsp. pathological process, significantly more often (48.9%) complained of transient visual impairment with increased blood pressure. This symptom was sometimes described by patients as temporary blurred vision or difficulty focusing, lasting up to 15 minutes. It should be noted that transient visual impairment with increased blood pressure was also often noted by patients without manifestations of hypertensive angioretinopathy in the fundus (46.3%).
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
The retinal vasculature is primarily derived from the central retinal artery (CRA), the first intraocular branch of the ophthalmic truncus arteriosus. The CAS penetrates the optic nerve and then enters the eye through the central part of the optic disc, where it divides into two main branches. These branches further divide into arterioles, which provide blood supply to the peripheral parts of the retina. Each arteriole supplies the inner nerve layer of one quarter of the retina.
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
There is some disagreement regarding the correct test method for imaging lesions in GH. For example, conventional fundoscopy has been shown to have limited added value in GR due to significant interobserver variability. Moreover, fundoscopy may not be suitable for detecting subtle changes. Maestri et al. compared the use of direct ophthalmoscopy with microdensitometry in the assessment of vascular vasoconstriction expressed as arteriovenous diameter ratio ( AVR ). Their study showed that semi-automated microdensitometry is more useful in diagnosing early vascular changes than standard ophthalmoscopy. The high reliability of this method is due to minimal interobserver and intraobserver variability
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
Diabetes affects the condition of almost the entire body, including the oral cavity ⁴. This reaction of the body is explained by the formation of ketone compounds when the amount of glucose increases, which are "poison" for all cells and tissues ³. Against the background of this disease, various problems related to teeth, gums and periodontal tissues (periodontal tissues) can develop ³. However, their appearance is related not only to the main disease - diabetes, but also to oral hygiene². In this article, we will tell you how the condition of the oral cavity changes with diabetes and how to take care to prevent the development of problems with teeth and gums
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
The place of fiction in our society is incomparable. A work of art is considered the main factor in the formation and enrichment of the human spiritual world. Especially in today's storytelling, the new outlook of a person, the colors of the world of thought are reflected. In the story, the personality of the creator, his position in the world of creativity, and his stylistic features are revealed with the fullness of the writer's skill
15.12.2023 Volume 2 Issue 12 View more Download
SCIENCE & INNOVATION